Momwe Mungayerekezere Mkuwa, Mkuwa ndi Mkuwa pa Machining, Variable Resistance ndi Conductivity

Buku lothandiza posankha aloyi la zigawo za CNC, zigawo zamagetsi, ma bushings, magiya ndi makonzedwe a mafakitale

Tsiku Lofalitsidwa: Seputembala 3, 2026
Wolemba: Hu Yanwei, Katswiri wa Zaukadaulo wa Zachitsulo za Cymber

Siyani kusankha mkuwa, mkuwa kapena bronze potengera mtundu ndi mtengo pa kilogalamu. Mu mtengo wopangira makina, banja lolakwika likhoza kusintha chopanda chotsika mtengo kukhala zinthu zoyenda pang'onopang'ono, zida zosweka, zida zokanidwa komanso kulephera kuyesa kukalamba.

Ndicho cholinga chenicheni chakuyerekeza kwa mkuwa wa mkuwaMkuwa nthawi zambiri ndiye mtsogoleri wa ma conductivity. Mkuwa wopangidwa mwaulere nthawi zambiri ndi wosavuta kudula. Mkuwa ndi banja lalikulu lomwe nthawi zambiri limapambana pamene kutsetsereka kodzaza, kutopa, dzimbiri kapena khalidwe la ma bearing ndikofunikira. Mawu amenewo ndi oyambira othandiza, osati zofunikira pakugula.

Njira yodziwika bwino yolephera ndi kusankha mkuwa wokha kuti ugwirizane ndi chinthu chotsetsereka chifukwa nambala yamagetsi imawoneka yodabwitsa, kenako nkupeza kuti pamwamba pake pofewa pamakhala nyongolotsi motsutsana ndi gawo lolumikizana. Ina ndi kusankha mkuwa wopangidwa ndi lead kuti musunge nthawi yopangira zinthu musanayang'ane zoletsa za chinthu chomwe chikugulitsidwa pamsika. Mtengo wa chinthucho umawoneka wolondola. Njira yovomerezeka siili yolondola.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza chiyambi cha malonda, onaninso za Cymber Metal'szinthu zamkuwa zoyera, zitsulo zamkuwandizitsulo zamkuwaKenako sankhani giredi poyerekeza ndi katundu weniweni, mphamvu yamagetsi, kutentha, malo okhala ndi chithunzi.

Yankho Lachidule: Ndi Zinthu Ziti Zomwe Muyenera Kusankha?

Sankhani mkuwa woyera wamalonda pamene mphamvu yamagetsi kapena kutentha ikulamulira ndipo gawolo limatha kupirira kuuma kochepa komanso kuwongolera ma chips ovuta kwambiri. Sankhani mtundu woyenera wa mkuwa pamene makina opangidwa mwachangu, odziwikiratu komanso kuyendetsa bwino zinthu ndizofunikira kwambiri. Sankhani mtundu wa mkuwa pamene kuwonongeka, mphamvu yonyamula katundu, kutopa, dzimbiri kapena khalidwe la mabenchi zikuposa kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri. Mtundu, kutentha, mawonekedwe a chinthu ndi momwe ntchito zimagwirira ntchito zimatha kusintha momwe banja limakhalira.

Palibe chitsulo chimodzi "chabwino kwambiri" poyerekeza kumeneku. "Bronze" yokha si kalasi, ndipo "mkuwa wopangidwa" sufotokoza mtundu uliwonse wa mkuwa. Onani dzina la banja ngati chizindikiro chowunikira; onani kalasi yolamulidwa ndi muyezo ngati chisankho chogula.

Kodi Mkuwa, Mkuwa ndi Mkuwa Zimatanthauza Chiyani Kwenikweni?

Mkuwa woyera wamalonda ndiye chizindikiro cha base-metal poyerekeza uku. C11000 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamene kuyendetsa magetsi ndi kupanga kwake ndikofunikira; C10200 ndi C10100 ndi njira zoyeretsera kwambiri zomwe zofunikira zokhudzana ndi mpweya ndi satifiketi ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe zagulidwa.

Mkuwa ndi banja la mkuwa ndi zinc. Kusintha pang'ono kwa zinc, lead, chitsulo, manganese ndi kutentha kumatha kusintha kapangidwe kake, mphamvu, kachitidwe ka dzimbiri ndi kapangidwe ka chip. C26000 nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa kuti ipangidwe, pomwe C36000 nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa pamene makina ambiri ndi omwe amafunikira kwambiri.

Bronze si alloy imodzi. Ma bronze a tin kapena phosphor, bronze a aluminiyamu ndi bronze a nickel-aluminium ali ndi ma microstructures osiyanasiyana ndipo motero amasiyana ndi ma conductivity, kuwonongeka kwa zida, khalidwe la bearing ndi mayankho a dzimbiri. Pempho loti "bronze" yokha silinakonzedwe.

Kuyerekeza kwa Mkuwa wa Mkuwa: Pang'onopang'ono

Gome ili m'munsimu limapereka mizere yowonetsera kukonzekera kutentha kwa chipinda. Si malire a anthu onse. Tsimikizani giredi yeniyeni, kutentha, mawonekedwe a chinthu, muyezo, njira yoyesera ndi kutentha musanayike mtengo mu oda yogulira.

Ma bandeti oyendetsera magetsi ndi otakata dala. Pakuwunikira, 100% IACS pa 20 °C ndi pafupifupi 58.0 MS/m, yokhala ndi resistivity ya pafupifupi 1.7241 micro-ohm·cm. Chiwerengero chomwe chinanenedwa chopanda kutentha koyerekeza ndi njira yoyesera sichinakwanire.

Mayeso a Machinability ali ndi vuto lomweli. Mayeso a 100 nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito brass yodula momasuka ngati muyezo, koma ma laboratories ndi mapepala a deta nthawi zambiri sagwiritsa ntchito mayeso ofanana. Mayeso si lonjezo lofulumira kwambiri. Maonekedwe a zida, kutentha, kukula kwa gawo, choziziritsira, chosinthira ndi kuchotsa chip zimasankhabe ngati gawo likuyenda bwino.

Pa kuyesa koyambirira kwa njira yokha, gulu lokonzekera lachibale lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi: C36000 free-machining brass100, C26000 mkuwa pafupifupi30–40, C11000 mkuwa pafupifupi20–30, chitini cha lead bronze cholimba kwambiri60–80, ndi zitsulo zambiri zamkuwa za aluminiyamu kapena nickel-aluminium pafupifupi20–40Ma bande awa amasiyana malinga ndi komwe akuchokera, njira yoyesera, kutentha ndi mawonekedwe ake. Musawakopere mu pulogalamu yopangira makina kapena nthawi yotsimikizika yogwirira ntchito; yambitsani chida choyimira ndi kuyesa kwa fixture.

Maziko a deta:Izi ndi magawo okonzekera zolemba zomwe zimagwirizana ndi deta yofotokozera ya CDA/ASTM yomwe imafalitsidwa nthawi zambiri. Sizovomerezeka ndi Cymber Metal. Gwiritsani ntchito muyezo wazinthu zomwe zayitanidwa, deta ya wogulitsa yomwe ilipo komanso satifiketi ya malo kuti mupeze oda yeniyeni.

1. Kuyendetsa: Mkuwa Umapambana, Koma Kapangidwe ka Kulumikizana N'kofunikabe

Ngati gawolo lili ndi mphamvu yamagetsi kapena kutentha, mkuwa wopangidwa mwaluso nthawi zambiri ndiye banja loyamba kuunika. C11000 ndi C10200 zimatha kukhala pamwamba pa mphamvu yamagetsi, pomwe zinc, tin, aluminiyamu, nickel ndi zina zowonjezera nthawi zambiri zimachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi chifukwa zimawonjezera mphamvu kapena kuwonongeka.

Kugulitsa kumeneko sikuli koipa kokha. Busbar yomwe imayenda motentha, imasinthasintha pansi pa mphamvu yamagetsi kapena kutaya mphamvu yomangirira ingafunike kapangidwe kosiyana, kutentha kapena malo ophimbidwa m'malo mongokhala ndi mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri. Kukana kwa kukhudzana kumachokeranso ku kupanikizika kwa mafupa, kusalala, okosijeni, ma plating ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe. Kuthamanga kwa mafunde kokha sikulosera momwe makonzedwe amagwirira ntchito.

Gwiritsani ntchito kukambirana koyamba kwa conductivity kuti muyimitse zinthu zinayi:

1. Chofunikira chocheperako cha conductivity kapena resistivity chachikulu.
2. Kutentha kofunikira, nthawi zambiri kumakhala 20 °C pamene njira yopemphedwayo ikufunika.
3. Njira yoyesera, malo a chitsanzo, chida ndi momwe zinthu zilili.
4. Kaya chofunikiracho chikugwira ntchito pa thumba lopanda kanthu, gawo lopangidwa ndi makina kapena pamwamba pake.

Pa ntchito zoyera kwambiri kapena zosagwirizana ndi mpweya, musagwiritse ntchito C10100, C10200 ndi C11000 ngati zilembo zosinthika. Tsimikizani dzina lenileni ndi maziko a satifiketi. Gulu la mkuwa woyera wa Cymber Metal limapereka poyambira, koma tsatanetsatane wa dongosolo umalamulirabe.

Pazinthu zamagetsi, yerekezerani zinthuzo potengera kapangidwe kake: kukula kwake, kukwera kwa kutentha, kukana kwa mafupa, kulemera kwake, kupindika kwake ndi mtengo wonse wa zinthuzo. Chopangira chotsika mtengo cha aloyi chingakhale chothandiza pa malonda pokhapokha ngati kapangidwe kake ka gawo lopingasa, kuzizira kwake ndi kulumikizana kwake kavomerezedwa ndi mainjiniya.

Kutengera ndi mawonekedwe a chinthucho ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa, dongosolo loyesera lingatchule ASTM B193 pa resistivity, ASTM E1004 pa eddy-current conductivity kapena IEC 60028 pa resistivity ya mkuwa. Dongosolo logulira liyenera kufotokoza njira, kope, calibration reference, malo a chitsanzo ndi kutentha kwa lipoti; mzere wamba wa "conductivity test" ndi wosamveka bwino kwambiri kuti katundu atumizidwe ndi wotsutsana.

2. Kugwira Ntchito Mwachangu: Kalasi Yodula Mwachangu Si Nthawi Zonse Ndi Yabwino Kwambiri

Kutha kugwira ntchito ndi njira yopangira, osati njira yotsatsira malonda. Ikuphatikizapo kupangika kwa chip, kuwonongeka kwa zida, ma burrs, kutha kwa pamwamba, kusuntha kwa dimensional, kuyanjana kwa coolant ndi nthawi yozungulira yomwe imafunika kuti pakhale gawo lovomerezeka.

Mkuwa Woyera

Mkuwa woyera ndi wofewa komanso wothandiza kutentha. Umatha kupopera pa chida, kupanga ma chips aatali ndikuwonongeka pamene chogwirira ntchito chili cholimba kwambiri. Zida zakuthwa, zopukutidwa bwino, mawonekedwe abwino, chithandizo chotetezeka komanso kuchotsa ma chips mwadongosolo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunika kwambiri kuposa kungowonjezera liwiro la spindle. Mabowo amkati ndi makoma owonda amafunika kuyesedwa mosiyana chifukwa zinthuzo zimatha kuphulika kapena kupotoka zitachotsedwa.

Mkuwa

C36000 yopangidwa ndi makina opangidwa ndi manja ndi yotchuka pazida zozungulira ndi zogayidwa chifukwa imapanga ma chips afupiafupi, osavuta kuwagwiritsa ntchito komanso imathandizira kuchotsa zinthu mwachangu. Izi sizimapangitsa kuti kalasi iliyonse ya mkuwa ikhale yofanana. C26000 ndi yamtengo wapatali popanga, pomwe zipangizo zamtundu wa H59/H62 ndi mkuwa wopanda lead zimatha kudula mosiyana ndi C36000. Yang'anani kalasi yeniyeni musanakope pepala la zida kuchokera ku polojekiti ina.

Ngati mphamvu yachangu ya CNC ndiyo choletsa chachikulu, yerekezerani njira yopanda kanthu ndiC36000 mkuwa wopangidwa mwaulerengati mfundo yofotokozera. Funsani ngati zinthu zomwe zatchulidwazo zili ndi ulusi, ngati komwe zikupita kuli ndi zoletsa pazinthu, komanso ngati pamwamba pake kapena njira yopangira ma plating imasintha njira yopangira machining.

Mkuwa

Kukonza zinthu zamkuwa kumayambira pa zosavuta mpaka zopweteka. Mkuwa wachitsulo wopangidwa ndi lead umatha kudula bwino ndipo umapereka mawonekedwe abwino ogwirira. Mkuwa wa aluminiyamu ndi mkuwa wa nickel-aluminium ndi olimba ndipo nthawi zambiri sawonongeka, koma amatha kuwonjezera kuwonongeka kwa zida ndi kutentha m'mphepete mwamakono. Kukhazikitsa kolimba, kalasi yoyenera yoyika, chakudya cholamulidwa, komanso nthawi yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito zida ndi gawo la kusankha zinthuzo.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake shopu siyenera kungotchula "mtengo wopangira makina pa ola limodzi." Iyenera kuyerekeza nthawi yozungulira, kugwiritsa ntchito, kuchotsa ma burching, kuyang'anira ndi phindu lovomerezeka la gawo la geometry yeniyeni.luso lotha kupanga zinthu mwanzeruikhoza kuyesedwa poyerekeza ndi chithunzi cha 2D/3D ndi kukula kofunikira kwa batch.

3. Kukana Kuvala: Fotokozani Kukhudzana Musanatchule Alloy

Ngati chinthucho ndi bushing, thrust washer, gear, guide kapena sliding plate, "yosatha kuvala" sikokwanira. Tchulani katundu, liwiro, kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga (PV), mafuta, zinthu zolumikizirana, kutentha, kuipitsidwa ndi kuya kovomerezeka kwa kuvala.

Mkuwa woyera nthawi zambiri umagwira ntchito bwino pamagetsi koma si chinthu chokhazikika chokhazikika chonyamula zinthu zouma. Kulimba kwake kochepa kungayambitse kukwiya, kusamutsa guluu kapena kuwonongeka mwachangu pamwamba pamene chotsutsana ndi mafuta sizili bwino.

Mkuwa ukhoza kukhala woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zopepuka kapena zogwira ntchito pang'ono, zolumikizira ndi zolumikizira zotsetsereka zochepa. Kugwira ntchito kwake kungakhale kokongola, koma mtundu wa makina odziyimira pawokha suyenera kukwezedwa ngati cholowa m'malo mwa mkuwa wolemera. Mu ntchito yotenthetsera chloride, mkuwa wina umafunikanso kuwunikiranso kwapadera kuti uchotse zincization kapena njira zina zowononga.

Bronze imapatsa mainjiniya zida zambiri zogwirira ntchito:

• C93200 chitsulo cha mkuwa cha lead:zothandiza ngati kusinthasintha, kukhazikika, ndi malo ogwirira ntchito ofunikira; kutsimikizira kuti zinthu zikugwirizana ndi lead pofikira ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.
• C95400 aluminiyamu yamkuwa:mphamvu zambiri komanso kuthekera kowonongeka kwa zida zamakina zovuta, ndi momwe makina amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe zimakhalira ndi dzimbiri ziyenera kuganiziridwanso pamodzi.
• C63000 nickel-aluminium bronze:Munthu amene akufuna kugwira ntchito yonyamula katundu wambiri kapena yokhudzana ndi nyanja akamadziwa za kapangidwe ka madzi a m'nyanja, liwiro, chitetezo cha cathodic ndi zinthu zoberekera.
• C51000/C51900/C52100 phosphor bronze:khalidwe la masika ndi kutopa lomwe limakhala ndi mphamvu yoyendetsa bwino; kutentha nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofunikira monga momwe zimakhalira ndi alloy wamba.

Pa gawo lomwe kuwonongeka ndiye njira yoyamba yolephera, yerekezeranimbale yamkuwa ya aluminiyamu ya C95400 yosatha kuthandiC63000 nickel-aluminium bronzemotsutsana ndi malo ojambulira ndi ntchito. Kuti mupeze mawonekedwe a bearing omalizidwa, gwiritsani ntchito njira yoyenerera yopangira machining a bronze ndikutsimikizira miyeso yomaliza mukamaliza kukonza.

Musavomereze mtundu wa bronze kuchokera ku kuuma kokha. Malo olimba akhoza kuwononga shaft yolumikizana, kugwira tinthu tomwe timagunda kapena kulephera kuyika zinyalala. Kuyerekeza koyenera kumagwiritsa ntchito awiri enieni ndi njira yeniyeni yothira mafuta. Ngati kugwiritsa ntchito kuli kofunikira kwambiri pa chitetezo kapena kulephera deta ndi yochepa, funani mayeso omveka bwino a kutopa m'malo monena za banja lonse.

4. Mapu a Giredi ndi Mapu Ogwiritsira Ntchito

Gwiritsani ntchito mapu awa kuti muchepetse RFQ, osati kuphonya ndemanga ya uinjiniya.

Gulu la bronze la tsamba lino limapereka chitsanzo chothandiza cha banja pa ntchito za masika ndi kutopa. Musasamutse kutentha, mphamvu ya conductivity kapena kulekerera kuchokera ku mtundu wina wa chinthu kupita ku china popanda kuwona muyezo womwe wapemphedwa.

5. Yerekezerani Ndalama Zonse Zogwera, Osati Mtengo Wachitsulo Wokha

Zipangizo zotsika mtengo kwambiri pa kilogalamu imodzi zimatha kukhala zodula kwambiri zomwe zimavomerezedwa. Kuchulukana, chiŵerengero cha kugula-kuuluka, nthawi yozungulira, nthawi ya zida, kumaliza, kuyang'anira ndi zidutswa zokanidwa zonse zimasintha zotsatira zamalonda.

Gwiritsani ntchito mfundo yofanana:

Mtengo wofikira pa gawo lililonse lovomerezeka = (zinthu + kusintha + zida + kumaliza + kuyang'anira ndi zikalata + kulongedza + katundu wamkati/kutumiza kunja, inshuwaransi, msonkho ndi kukonzanso komwe kukuyembekezeka - ngongole yovomerezeka) / kuchuluka kovomerezeka komalizidwa

Sungani malire a njira yogwirira ntchito akuwonekera. Wogulitsa mkuwa akunena mawu opanda kanthu pafupi ndi ukonde angawoneke otsika mtengo kuposa wogulitsa mkuwa akunena mawu a chinthu chomalizidwa, koma manambala awiriwa sali ofanana. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chopanda kanthu cha mkuwa chokhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba chingapambane ngati chingawonjezere nthawi yogwirira ntchito ndikuchotsa kutseka kosayenera.

Pa kuyerekezera koyamba, kuchulukana koyerekeza kuli pafupifupi 8.9 g/cm³ ya mkuwa, 8.4–8.7 g/cm³ ya mkuwa wambiri ndi 8.7–8.9 g/cm³ ya mkuwa wambiri. Izi ndi mitengo yokonzekera, osati m'malo mwa kuchuluka kwa alloy kotsimikizika kapena kulemera koyezedwa kwa wogulitsa pa mita imodzi (kg/m) pa gawo lomwe latchulidwa. Yerekezerani zotuluka zofanana zogwira ntchito: mtengo pa gawo lililonse lovomerezeka, mtengo pa mita imodzi yogwiritsidwa ntchito, mtengo pa kukula kulikonse kapena mtengo pa ola limodzi logwira ntchito.

Funsani malingaliro omwe ali kumbuyo kwa zomwe akunena kuti "kupulumutsa":

• Kodi mtengo wa zinthuzo uli ndi dzina lofanana ndi mkuwa, zinc kapena tin, ndi masiku omveka bwino a quotation ndi alloy premiums?
• Kodi kuyerekezera kwa makina kumaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa, kusintha zida, kuchotsa zinthu zoyaka ndi kuwunika?
• Kodi phindu limawerengedwa pazigawo zomwe zalandiridwa kapena pazidutswa zomwe zayamba zokha?
• Kodi ma plating, kutentha, kuyeretsa ndi kulongedza zinthu zikuphatikizidwa?
• Ndani ali ndi zinthu zakale, ndipo ndi ngongole yanji yomwe ikuvomerezedwa?
• Kodi kufananizako kumaphatikizapo zikalata zotsatizana ndi malamulo ndi zoletsa zomwe zikuyenera kuperekedwa?

Cholakwika chofala kwambiri pamalonda ndi kusunga ndalama zochepa pa zinthu zopangira, kenako kulipira ntchito yowonjezera pa gawo lililonse. Ikani chitsanzo cha mtengo pambali pa chojambula musanavomereze alloy.

6. Kuyang'anira ndi Kulemba Zolemba: Pangani Kuyerekeza Kwa Mgwirizano

Wogulitsa akhoza kupereka mtengo wa banja loyenera koma akadali ndi vuto lolakwika. Muzimitse umboni musanapereke:

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ogulitsa, onaninso za Cymber Metal'sZipangizo za CNC ndi EDMndisatifiketi yaubwino ndi kuwunikaMasamba. Amapereka chidziwitso cha kuthekera; salowa m'malo mwa MTC yeniyeni, lipoti la magawo kapena dongosolo lovomerezeka.

7. Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Kusankha

Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko iyi mu ndemanga ya kapangidwe kake:

1. Fotokozani njira yolephera.Kodi chiopsezo cha kutentha kwambiri, kukwiya, kuvulala, kutopa, dzimbiri, kusokonekera kapena kuwononga kwambiri makina?
2. Konzani katundu wosakambirana.Lembani kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yoyendetsera magetsi, kutentha, katundu, liwiro, malire owonongeka kapena CTQ yoyezera ngati chinthu chofunikira choyezera.
3. Sankhani banja.Mkuwa woyera, mkuwa, tin/phosphor bronze, aluminiyamu bronze kapena nickel-aluminium bronze.
4. Sankhani giredi ndi mkhalidwe.Tchulani dzina lenileni la UNS kapena dzina lofanana nalo, muyezo ndi mtima.
5. Sankhani njira yopangira.Yerekezerani zinthu zodulidwa ndi macheka, extrusion, casting, forging ndi CNC machining molingana ndi voliyumu ndi geometry.
6. Yendetsani chitsanzo choyimira.Yang'anani malo omaliza ndi miyeso yofunika kwambiri mukamaliza ntchito zonse zofunika, osati malo opanda kanthu okha.
7. Ikani mtengo pa zotsatira zomwe zalandiridwa.Phatikizani phindu, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zida, kumaliza, zikalata, katundu ndi kukonzanso.
8. Sungani RFQ mufiriji.Tumizani chithunzi, kuchuluka, zofunikira pa ntchito, dongosolo lowunikira ndi komwe mukupita kwa wogulitsa.

Pa ntchito zambiri, konzani zopezera zinthu, kudula, kukonza makina, kuyang'anira ndi kutumiza kunja ngati njira imodzi yolembedwa. Kupezeka kwamakono, MOQ, nthawi ndi zikalata ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa pa oda yeniyeni.

Zomwe Muyenera Kuziphatikiza mu RFQ Yanu

Tumizani malire ofanana aukadaulo kwa ogulitsa onse:

1. Aloyi yeniyeni ndi muyezo wofanana, ngati ulipo.
2. Mtundu wa chinthu, kukula kwake, kulemera kwake kapena kutalika kwake.
3. Kutentha/mkhalidwe ndi mphamvu yoyendetsera mpweya kapena zinthu zofunika pa makina.
4. Zojambula za 2D, chitsanzo cha 3D, ndondomeko ya deta ndi kukonzanso.
5. Zofunikira pa kulekerera kofunikira, kutsirizika kwa pamwamba, kuphimba kapena kutenthetsa.
6. Mphamvu yamagetsi, kutentha, katundu, liwiro, PV, malo odyetsera mafuta ndi dzimbiri.
7. Kuchuluka kwa chitsanzo, kutulutsidwa koyamba, kufunikira kwa pachaka ndi nthawi ya pulogalamu.
8. Kukonza, kupanga, kutulutsa, kupanga, kuponya, kudula ndi kuchotsa zinthu zotayidwa.
9. MTC, kuyang'anira kwa chipani chachitatu, RoHS, REACH, FAI/PPAP kapena zofunikira zina za zikalata.
10. Ndondomeko yopezera zitsanzo, njira zoyesera, njira zosatsatira malamulo ndi njira zosinthira.
11. Kulongedza, kuchuluka kwa phukusi, zilembo, komwe mukupita, Incoterm ndi cholinga chofikira.
12. Kaya kufananiza kuyenera kukhala zinthu zopangira, gawo lomalizidwa kapena mtengo wonse wofikira pamalopo.

Kuti muwunikenso pogwiritsa ntchito zojambula,Lumikizanani ndi Cymber Metal kuti mupeze RFQndi aloyi, mawonekedwe, kuchuluka, miyeso yofunika, mikhalidwe yautumiki ndi zofunikira pa zikalata. Wopereka akhoza kutsimikizira njira yothandiza pokhapokha atawona tsatanetsatanewo.

Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri

Mkuwa nthawi zambiri ndi chisankho cha conductivity. Mkuwa nthawi zambiri ndi chisankho cha kupanga zinthu. Mkuwa nthawi zambiri ndi chisankho cha kuwonongeka, katundu kapena dzimbiri. Koma amenewo ndi malangizo oyambira, osati ovomerezeka okha.

Mafotokozedwe opambana amatchula giredi, mkhalidwe, mawonekedwe a chinthu, njira yoyesera ndi njira yomaliza. Imayerekezeranso mtengo wa zida zovomerezeka pa moyo weniweni wa ntchito. Ngati gawolo lili ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, werengerani kukwera kwa kutentha ndi kukana kwa mafupa. Ngati likutsetsereka, werengerani PV ndikuyesa awiri ogwirizana. Ngati lapangidwa ndi makina, tsitsani mitengo ya machips, zida, ma burrs ndi kuyang'anira—osati malo okhawo.